InDesign palettes/panels do not expand or open when Application frame is off 2023
The side panels will not open unless the application frame is on. It has been this way for over a year now and no updates have solved it. I am sick of having to have the toolbar floating instead of fixed to the side. Have just updated to InDesign 2023 and still a problem. And yes, I have deleted / reset my preferences several times which has done nothing.

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Bert commented
I am also getting this problem. When opening a document I have to close the windows down so I can see the doc and the tool windows at the same time. I was previously using v16.0.2 and it doesn't have this problem. I have tried the previous commenter suggestion, about deleting the. Library Caches for Indesign and it did not work to fix the problem
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monokano commented
For macOS, this method may correct the problem.
1. Quit InDesign.
2. Go to User > Library > Caches.
3. Search for “indesign” and select and delete all of them if detected.