I am also experiencing this problem with InDesign CC2018 on a 64Bit Windows 10 - 1709.16299 PC, as well as another colleague. The only work around I have found is to open an existing InDesign document. The program does not launch from either the task bar or the Windows start menu!!! All other CC apps open correctly.

Please try out InDesign CC2018 and let me know if it solves your issue.
Please check if you meet the system requirements for latest InDesign - https://helpx.adobe.com/in/indesign/system-requirements.html

indesign 2017 on windows 10 multiple users effected, it will simply say InDesign is not responding in event viewer the following error appears:

og Name: Application
Source: Application Error
Date: 25/10/2017 13:37:08
Event ID: 1000
Task Category: (100)
Level: Error
Keywords: Classic
User: N/A
Computer: corporate machine name
Description:
Faulting application name: InDesign.exe, version: 12.1.0.56, time stamp: 0x58c988ec
Faulting module name: PMRuntime.dll, version: 5.0.0.191, time stamp: 0x58c9856e
Exception code: 0xc0000005
Fault offset: 0x0000000000007615
Faulting process ID: 0x29bc
Faulting application start time: 0x01d34d8df8c366fc
Faulting application path: C:\Program Files\Adobe\Adobe InDesign CC 2017\InDesign.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Program Files\Adobe\Adobe InDesign CC 2017\PMRuntime.dll
Report ID: 82b3dc11-c23a-466f-a70c-734980688af5
Faulting package full name:
Faulting package-relative application ID:
Event Xml:
<Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
<System>
<Provider Name="Application Error" />
<EventID Qualifiers="0">1000</EventID>
<Level>2</Level>
<Task>100</Task>
<Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords>
<TimeCreated SystemTime="2017-10-25T12:37:08.884621200Z" />
<EventRecordID>101654</EventRecordID>
<Channel>Application</Channel>
<Computer>corporate computer name </Computer>
<Security />
</System>
<EventData>
<Data>InDesign.exe</Data>
<Data>12.1.0.56</Data>
<Data>58c988ec</Data>
<Data>PMRuntime.dll</Data>
<Data>5.0.0.191</Data>
<Data>58c9856e</Data>
<Data>c0000005</Data>
<Data>0000000000007615</Data>
<Data>29bc</Data>
<Data>01d34d8df8c366fc</Data>
<Data>C:\Program Files\Adobe\Adobe InDesign CC 2017\InDesign.exe</Data>
<Data>C:\Program Files\Adobe\Adobe InDesign CC 2017\PMRuntime.dll</Data>
<Data>82b3dc11-c23a-466f-a70c-734980688af5</Data>
<Data>
</Data>
<Data>
</Data>
</EventData>
</Event>

Can you please provide InDesign Version you are trying to install and also version of Windows 10(Go to command prompt and type "ver")