Indesign 2022 and 2024, Windows 10.
Steps to reproduce:
1. With "Adobe Fonts" not activated in the Cloud client, add fonts to Indesign's \Fonts folder and start. Good example font: Roboto. The is a truetype font from Google.
2. Use any of the added fonts in a document and save. Close the document
3. Activate Adobe Fonts in the cloud client and restart Indesign. In case any of the added fonts is also available on Adobe Fonts, they're overridden by the cloud font, as the symbol in the font list (Type menu), next to the font, changes once you open Indesign the next time. In my case it was Roboto which then had a cloud symbol next to it.
4. Open the document again to find text now marked in red because of a missing font. I had to find out that the added Roboto font from Google and the Roboto font from Adobe are not the same. ID would now marked the added font as missing, because it changes its name to "Roboto (TT)".

The only solution would then be to deactivate Adobe Fonts again.